The New Nation - Internet Edition

Using treated mosquito nets

AS outbreak of malaria looms over a large part of the country, speakers at a round-table discussion in Dhaka on Monday called for the use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets to reduce the risk of malaria attacks. Professionals of national and international healthcare institutions suggested that extensive use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) could be an effective defence against mosquitoes and spread of this vector-borne disease.

The outbreak of malaria is taking a turn for the worse. Thirteen northern and eastern border districts particularly the mosquito-infested areas of the Hill Districts are considered most malaria-prone areas. 90 percent of the people in those areas are under the risk of attack of the disease. Untreated mosquito nets put limited physical barriers to mosquitoes. But ITNs provide better and effective protection. Such a net not only kills mosquitoes and other nuisance insects but also repels them. Trials of insecticide-treated nets in the 1980s and 1990s showed that these reduced deaths in young children by an average of 20 percent in Africa.

Use of insecticide-treated mosquito nets should be popularised. Currently, only pyrethroid insecticides, having low toxicity for mammals but high toxicity for insects, are recommended for treating nets. These insecticides, used in correct doses with necessary precaution, are reportedly not harmful for human health. Release of sterile and genetically modified mosquitoes has reportedly proved effective in reducing mosquito population in some areas. The use of ITNs appears to be simple and more practical. However, the treatment of mosquitoes should be done by trained people who know how to safely handle the chemicals without causing harm to the environment.

Bangladesh in hunger index

BANGLADESH has been ranked 70th among 88 nations in the global hunger index (GHI) as reported by media recently. From January 2007 to June 2008, one-third of all the countries, for which GHI was calculated, suffered from a violent or non-violent protest, with multiple occurrences in Bangladesh, according to the report prepared by the International Food Policy Research Institute. The report referred to urban dwellers' reactions - strikes, protests or even riots - to the increased inflation of food prices in recent times. Others like Burundi, Congo, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Liberia, Niger and Sierra Leone - standing at the bottom of the list - are too plagued by the painful alarming level of hunger.

Almost 923 million people in the world go hungry every year, 907 million of whom live in developing countries, according to the Food and Agriculture Organisation. In the context of higher food prices, as the report says, the prospects for improving food and nutrition security do not appear favourable, given that at least 800 million people - mostly from Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia suffered from food insecurity even before the food price inflation hit the global market.

The hunger index of 2008 reflects data from 2001 to 2006, not the actual hunger situation in 2008, and in view of the price situation the listed countries were unlikely to have achieved drastic improvements in their hunger situation between 2006 and 2008. The Global Hunger Index is a multidimensional approach to measuring hunger and malnutrition, combining indicators such as the proportion of undernourished people, the prevalence of underweight children and the rate of infant mortality. The world has made slow progress in alleviating poverty and reducing food insecurity since 1990, with dramatic differences among regions and countries, the report mentioned.

Promoting the culture of peace

Gordon Brown, MP

Now, never has such a global dialogue been so critical. Never has this global leadership working for its success been so strong and so inspirational. And never have the global opportunities that might flow from this and then to conflict, division, misunderstanding and poverty been so profound and so necessary.

But if we believe that our future peace and security lies together rather than apart, lies in understanding not isolation, lies in the differences that we acknowledge and enrich us, not the differences that divide us, then we must speak to people's values and speak to their beliefs.

More than two-thirds of our fellow citizens are followers of the major faiths, so we can be in no doubt about the power of faith to shape our world. And while it is not for politicians to lead that bringing together of faiths, that can ultimately only be done by the leaders of faith communities themselves, we cannot successfully lead nations without it.

History tells us that the greatest of social movements have been built on the strongest of ethical foundations. Two hundred years ago was it not men and women of faith and religious conviction who successfully campaigned for the abolition of the slave trade? They said that we could not be one world until slavery was ended.

Fifty years ago was it not men and women of conscience and religious faith who inspired the civil rights movement here in this country by saying that we could not be one world until every single citizen, whatever their colour, their race or background, enjoyed equal rights?

And is it not men and women of conscience and religious conviction who say today, as we said here at this General Assembly only a few weeks ago, that we cannot be one world when 30,000 children die unnecessarily every day from diseases we know how to cure and that we must together respond to this poverty emergency by redoubling our efforts to meet the Millennium Development Goals?

This is the power of faith to forge the greatest possible coalition for the common good, not one which seeks to impose uniformity of doctrine or culture, but one that is enriched by diversity, united by shared values, empowered by a common commitment to make our world a better place.

Now too often throughout history, people have seen the foreigner as at best a stranger and sometimes at worse an enemy and too often cultures and faiths appear to change at national borders as dramatically as fashion and language. But today we know we are not and never can be moral strangers to each other because we find that through each of our heritages, our traditions and faiths, runs a single powerful moral sense - a sense that we all share the pain of others, a sense that we believe in something bigger than ourselves.

When Christians say, "do to others what you would have them do to you".

When Judaism says, "love your neighbour as yourself".

When Muslims say, "no one of you is a believer until he desires for his brother that which he desires for himself".

When Buddhists say, "hurt not others in ways that you yourself would find hurtful".

When Sikhs say, "treat others as you would be treated yourself".

When Hindus say, "the sum of duty is do not unto others which would cause pain if done to you".

Now call this the best angels of our nature, call it the light in man, call it the moral sense, call it as Adam Smith the philosopher did, the moral sentiment. Call it conscience of fostering compassion, call it the global ethic, the irrevocable unconditional norm for all areas of life, for families, communities, for races, nations and religions that most of us accept that what you do not wish done to yourself you do not do to others. It's the same sacred ideal at the ethical heart of all true religions, our duty to others, our concern for the outsider, the sense that each of us is our brother and sister's keeper.

And so to those who say that religion, and especially that the misunderstanding and intolerance that has often existed between religions, is responsible for many of the problems we face today, I say we will address these problems if we act upon that moral sense that is shared at the heart of all the great faiths of the world.

Now we have a unique opportunity in this new global age in what is an inter-dependent world, to act upon that inter-dependence and make a partnership by working together for the common good. And what is new in this global age is our enhanced ability to communicate with each other, to speak to each other across continents.

It wasn't so long ago that we used to say, "if only people could communicate across borders. If only people could hear what their opponents have to say. If only they could speak with each other and find that they have so much in common, then the world would be different. But today most of these barriers, these old barriers to communication are being removed. We can now communicate with each other across frontiers. Almost instantaneously, through the internet, through texting and through e-mailing, there are hundreds of thousands of social networks crossing the world, there are millions of people who may not inhabit the same street, but now inhabit the same internet and site. And it is in the encounter of listening, at being listened to, that we discover that the beliefs we have in common are so much greater than what has in the past driven us apart.

We discover what Britain's Chief Rabbi Jonathan Sachs calls the dignity of difference. People, he said, all made in the divine image who find that they are possessed of a dignity and sanctity that transcends our differences. And we must act upon our interdependence.

Recently in Abuja in Nigeria, I visited a run-down and dilapidated school where children either were sitting on the floor without a desk or were sitting three to the desk that had been built for one. And their parents told me that a few miles away, a far better school, a far better equipped school offered free education. But the great facilities and teachers came at a high price because they were funded by an extremist group poisoning the children's minds and attracting them to a life of terrorism.

I believe it falls upon us to ensure the right to a decent education, free of extremism, for every child in the world. And think of it if the achievement of this generation could be that every child was able to go to school to gain an education to recognise what they had in common with other children, and I believe we could do this, coming together by spending ten billion dollars a year, a hundred dollars for each child. But let us agree that the first thing we should do is that we do everything to fight extremism wherever it exists so that people understand the central tenants of their faiths and the rich association that these faiths enjoy with each other. And we in Britain will continue to step up our campaign, working with other countries, to separate decent-minded young people from the pressures of divisive and extremist advocates of terrorism.

Secondly, the values of different faiths are already expressed in joint projects and common service. We in Britain have Muslim aid, collaborating with the United Methodist Committee in America, to respond to the needs of disaster victims in Asia. British Muslims working with American Christians to support Asian neighbours of all faith traditions gives us a glimpse of the potential of faith across our world.

And as we celebrate the 60th Anniversary of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights so we should also see shared values through a shared commitment to human rights and fundamental freedoms.

And I have one other proposal about how shared values can bring us together. 40 years ago the United States created the Peace School for young people from America to help the world. And around the world many countries, including Britain, have their own Voluntary Service Overseas Organisations.

But in this new global age, should we not celebrate the shared moral sense that is common to all cultures, all religions and all faiths, by bringing young people together in a global corps, perhaps a global environmental corps and a global community service corps and a global peace corps, a global medical aid corps, bringing young people of all nationalities and faiths together with each other in a global effort that will show the strength that comes when the world's young people acting together?

And let me say thirdly, that we should repeat the importance that everyone who has spoken here attaches to peace in the Middle East, the creation of a Palestinian state side by side with an Israeli state that has its security guaranteed. And we in Britain with other countries will continue to work for that objective that I believe can be achieved by goodwill in the Middle East. Now at this unique point in our history, when the world is facing the first financial crisis and the first resources' crisis of the new global age, so that ability to come together and build shared solutions is never, has never been more important.

And let me send out the strongest message that the road to economic ruin in the past has been following the path of protectionism. The way forward is not countries working in isolation from or against each other, but countries cooperating together. And I believe that as world leaders gathered in Washington this weekend, we must and we will see enhanced cooperation by Governments to deal with economic problems that are now hitting every continent in the world. But I also believe that what matters is a clear statement that is coming from this Conference in New York, that far more than the cooperation of Governments, the cooperation of peoples, whatever their faith, in each continent of the world, will determine whether we can build a truly global society.

I believe that through our continuing dialogue, we can come to recognise our common ground, the common ground on which we stand, whatever our faith traditions, a common commitment to peace, to freedom, to prosperity, to tolerance and respect. And if we can mobilise a global movement around these shared goals, then the achievements can be momentous. We can become the first generation to abolish illiteracy and give every child the chance of education together. We can become the first generation to solve the climate change together. We can become the first generation, and we need to be that, to eradicate tuberculosis, polio, diphtheria, malaria and HIV/AIDS from the face of the earth.

We can become the first generation to consign extreme poverty to the history books for all time.

We can become the first generation to do so by demonstrating by our actions what this Conference has been all about today, that the greatest of social changes are built from the strongest of ethical foundations.

(Gordon Brown, MP, British Prime Minister delivered this speech on November 13 at the Conference on the Culture of Peace and Power of Dialogue at UN General Assembly Plenary Meeting.)

New moves to stabilize Pak-economy

Dr. M. S. Haq

This is about the presentation of economic stabilization plans by Dr. Hafiz Pasha and others to Prime Minister Syed Yousuf Raza Gilani via one of the last evening's - 18th day of November 2008 - PTV program. The plans were outcomes of one of the government's present initiatives for tackling the country's economic situation in an effective, efficient and sustainable manner and to the satisfaction of all concerned, as feasible and practicable. The program was apparently well organized and participated.

A brief analysis of what Dr. Pasha had presented before PTV viewers and others about the stabilization plans would reveal several things. A few of them have been presented below.

1. A more meaningful articulation (than the existing one) of the country's competing challenges and opportunities via above plans could not only be instrumental in inter alia enhancing goal-objective and objective-goal synergies of the plans plus the critical mass of the plans but strengthening or improving or both logic and justification in support of those plans including their ownership. The bottom line is: the per capita focus of Pakistanis - to a humanly possible extent - in above plans is essentially desirable.

2. The critical path to gains and benefits - expected to be derived from say, implementation of those plans - apparently fails to indicate, in a significant fashion, the way forward - when it comes to the role of those gains and benefits in creating inter alia raw materials for economic recycles (as feasible) - in pursuit of a sustainable socio-economic development in Pakistan through the foreseeable future, for instance.

3. The plans do not - in an overall sense - appear to be a hi-fi breakthrough in pertinent areas because many of the critical elements of those plans have already been shared with PTV viewers and GEO viewers by the government's financial adviser or by TV discussants or both in the recent time.

In certain ways, the plans can be considered as a consolidation of what has already been discussed in the Pak media.

4. The plans have apparently failed to consider, in a clear, aggressive and substantive term, the demand and the supply situations in areas say, elimination of wastage and entrepreneurial skills when it comes to factor-in their (elimination of wastage + entrepreneurial skills) potentials into above plans for say, institutional strengthening and reduction of system losses - as a means to increase trade and employment and to ensure positive engagement of youth for socio-economic returns within a shortest possible time.

5. Economist Pasha indicated inter alia the product - I mean the plans - was the work of academics. I am not very much certain - at this point in time, though - as to how and to what extent the product of academics will be compatible with real time realities of opportunities and challenges when it comes to say, implementation of those plans - in the context of for example, uncertainties arising out of an already started global recession (in a sense) and the ongoing law and order situation in Pakistan.

6. The plans fail to predict, in a proper fashion or otherwise, about risks, vulnerabilities and other variables associated with those plans at conceptual and other levels plus scenarios for alternative routes to achieving the goals at the minimum possible cost, per se.

7. What about the safety mechanism of the plans? I am raising the question now before all concerned because Dr. Pasha appeared to be very confident in his briefing about the efficacy of those plans - perhaps disregarding - deliberately or otherwise - inherent limitations associated with any plan and for that matter any economic plan, among other things. Economics does not enjoy - in many senses - the cover of controlled variables as sciences and engineering do.

8. It has been reported the entire product was of Pakistani origin. But the quality of product would depend on inter alia the tensile strength (used in an engineering sense) of the product. In other words, it remains to be seen: how best and quickest the product - in pursuits of a way forward in relevant areas - could withstand and absorb the thrust of dependency (used in a wider sense) in an increasingly re-integrating and competitive universe. Over confidence has a cost to pay by all concerned - relative to time, space and other variables though.

The last word: it is good to note the economic team under the leadership of Dr. Hafiz Pasha has been able to create, in a sense, yet another conceptual platform, aiming at say, facilitating economic emancipation of Pakistan and Pakistanis.

It is fine. But a considerable amount of rework - for making it (the platform) more solid, more holistic, more opportunity exploitive, more practicable and more uncertainty beaker than the existing one - would be required before marketing it to implementation actors and others for the desired outcome, sustainability and satisfaction. A proper utilization of resources from IMF, WB, friends of Pakistan and others in combination with the country's own resources could contribute to inter alia success criteria of above plans.

The present day intention and effort of people of Pakistan, government of Pakistan, and others with regard to for example, remedying the situation arising out of the country's economy and security - to mention a few - is encouraging.

It is expected the friends and donors of Pakistan and concerned others will expedite the delivery of assistance to the country's competing priority areas in a maximum productive manner while discharging their own accountability to the world's tax payers to the fullest possible extent. It is also expected people of Pakistan will not consider inter alia the stabilization plans as the end of excellence in pertinent areas. Let us work towards a continually prosperous and progressive universe.