The New Nation - Internet Edition

AFP, Washington

The US government enacted a landmark $700 billion bank bailout on Friday, but investors questioned whether it could contain a panic that began on Wall Street and spread to become a global financial crisis.

The US House of Representatives approved the rescue plan by a vote of 263-171 on Friday. That sent the measure to President George W. Bush, who quickly signed it into law, concluding two weeks of high-stakes haggling over the plan that had roiled and captivated global markets.

The US House of Representatives on Friday approved a revised 700-billion-dollar Wall Street bailout, bowing to intense pressure to help avert a global economic meltdown.

Markets pivoted on passage of the US bailout, as investors' attention turned to signs of a gathering recession.

Stocks, which had been higher before the vote, dropped, with the S&P 500 index closing at its lowest level in almost four years. The dollar was also in retreat.

"This probably comes a bit too late. If this had been done earlier, it probably would have had a much bigger impact in restoring confidence," said Anna Piretti, economist at BNP Paribas in New York. US Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson, who had been the administration's chief lobbyist for the plan, said he would move quickly to buy up distressed assets from banks.

"We have shown the world that the United States of America will stabilize our financial markets and maintain a leading role in the global economy," Bush said in a short statement delivered before cameras outside the White House.

Analysts cautioned it was still unclear whether the US plan would work as advertised.

"There are more questions than answers out there still," said David Kelly, chief market strategist of JPMorgan Asset Management. "Even if the banks do participate, how willing will they be to make new loans into the economy if they can get rid of the bad ones?"

The US government has run up a bill of $1 trillion in recent weeks as it rushed to stabilize its banks, including the seizures of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. That cost is equal to over seven percent of the world's largest economy.

Earlier on Friday, the hobbled financial sector was bolstered as Wells Fargo & Co stepped in to buy Wachovia Corp in a deal that would take the place of a shotgun merger with Citigroup Inc brokered by US banking regulators.

But in signs of the spreading crisis, California said it was running out of money, France said the world stood on the "edge of the abyss" and European leaders divided over their response to the banking sector's difficulties.

The House had shocked world markets on Monday by rejecting a previous draft. With elections a month away, lawmakers from both parties were wary of voter backlash in asking taxpayers to pay for Wall Street's mistakes.

Earlier on Friday, the United States reported its biggest monthly job loss in 5-1/2 years, more evidence of an approaching recession. Data showed the US services sector holding up.

Earlier, the U.S. Senate approved a $700 billion bailout of the financial industry on Wednesday that political and financial leaders called crucial to averting economic catastrophe.

The bill is aimed at reinvigorating worldwide credit markets and interbank lending that had frozen up while overleveraged financial institutions staggered under the weight of failed mortgages.

Amid warnings that failure to act could plunge the country into a depression, more than 60 Senators voted in favor, exceeding the majority needed to send the measure to the House of Representatives, probably for a vote on Friday.

The House had rejected a similar measure on Monday, sending global markets into a tailspin, so congressional leaders added two sweeteners to the bill-a tax cut and extended federal protection for bank deposits-that could turn "no" voters into supporters.

Central bankers and pensioners worldwide were counting on the rescue plan to empower the U.S. Treasury to buy distressed assets from financial firms, clean up their balance sheets and jump-start lending.

The vote came amid early trade in Asian markets and the dollar climbed near a one-year peak against a basket of currencies while Japanese stocks extended losses.

The credit crisis also reverberated among European banks while recessionary signals mounted in the United States.

U.S. factory activity shrank in September to its lowest since the 2001 recession and major automakers reported plunging U.S. sales for September, led by a 34 percent slide at Ford Motor Co.

In Europe, France and Germany clashed over the idea of a U.S.-style financial rescue fund for Europe amid further signs of contagion from the global credit crisis.